S275JR
1.0044
Hot-rolled non-alloy quality structural steel · EN 10025-2:2019 — Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels · EN 10025-1 — General technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled structural steel products
S275JR is a general-purpose, weldable non-alloy structural steel defined by EN 10025-2. The designation combines a 275 MPa minimum yield strength at nominal thickness up to 16 mm with JR impact quality: 27 J Charpy V-notch energy at +20 °C. Strength decreases with increasing product thickness, and the JR impact value is not routinely verified unless impact testing is specified when ordering. Product form, thickness, delivery condition, inspection document and optional requirements must therefore accompany the grade designation in a technically complete purchase specification.
- 275 MPa at t ≤ 16 mmMinimum yield strength · The specified minimum falls progressively to 195 MPa for flat products over 250 mm and up to 400 mm thick.
- 410–560 MPa at t = 3–100 mmTensile strength · The range is 430–580 MPa below 3 mm and changes for products over 100 mm.
- Minimum 27 J at +20 °CJR toughness class · Charpy V-notch requirement on longitudinal specimens; for JR products, verification by test must be specified at order.
- CEV 0.40% at t ≤ 40 mmMaximum carbon equivalent · Heat-analysis limit rises to 0.42% over 40–150 mm and 0.44% over 150–400 mm.
- +AR, +N or +M depending on product formDelivery condition · If a particular condition is required, it must be ordered and included in the designation.
- Flat and long products; not hollow sections or tubesScope limitation · Structural hollow sections require their own product standards, such as EN 10210-1 or EN 10219-1.
Overview
- Designation system
- EN 10027 steel name and steel number systems
- Product forms
- Hot-rolled plate and sheet, Hot-rolled strip and plate cut from strip, Wide flats and flats, Hot-rolled structural sections, Bars and rod, Semi-finished products intended for further processing into covered flat or long products
- Condition
- +AR — as rolled, +N — normalized or normalizing rolled, +M — thermomechanically rolled; applicable to long products and hot-rolled strip, not quarto plate
- Density
- 7850 kg/m³ (Nominal volumetric mass used by EN 10025-2 for mass calculations; it is not a heat-specific measured density.)
What the designation means and where it applies
The symbol S identifies a structural steel. The number 275 is the minimum specified upper yield strength ReH, in MPa, for nominal product thickness up to 16 mm. JR identifies the impact-quality class: a minimum average Charpy V-notch energy of 27 J at +20 °C. The corresponding European steel number is 1.0044.
EN 10025-2 covers hot-rolled flat and long products and certain semi-finished products. For S275JR, long products are covered through 250 mm nominal thickness and flat products through 400 mm. For an irregular long-product section, the controlling thickness is the thickness of the part from which the mechanical-test sample is taken. The standard does not cover structural hollow sections or tubes, pressure-purpose plate, reinforcing steel or cold-formed structural products supplied under separate product standards.
S275JR alone does not define dimensions, tolerances, surface class, delivery condition, impact-test verification or inspection certification. These must be established by the product and purchase specification.
Chemical composition and weldability controls
| Element | Heat analysis | Product analysis | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.21 | 0.24 | Nominal thickness ≤ 40 mm |
| C | 0.22 | 0.25 | Nominal thickness > 40 mm |
| Si | Not specified | Not specified | Silicon control may be ordered for hot-dip galvanizing |
| Mn | 1.50 | 1.60 | Maximum |
| P | 0.035 | 0.045 | Maximum |
| S | 0.035 | 0.045 | Maximum |
| N | 0.012 | 0.014 | Maximum, subject to the standard's nitrogen-binding exceptions |
| Cu | 0.55 | 0.60 | Maximum |
Heat analysis defines the grade chemistry. Product analysis limits apply when product analysis is ordered. For long products, the standard permits particular P and S adjustments under its table footnotes and optional machinability provisions; these must not be assumed without checking the order and inspection document.
| Nominal product thickness (%) | ≤ 30 mm | > 30–40 mm | > 40–150 mm | > 150–250 mm | > 250–400 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum CEV from heat analysis | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
The final thickness range applies only to flat products. Certain ordered chemistry options, including specified silicon control for galvanizing, permit defined increases in maximum CEV.
S275JR is normally suitable for conventional arc welding when an appropriate qualified procedure is used. Welding practice should follow EN 1011-2 and account for actual heat-analysis CEV, section thickness, joint restraint, hydrogen level, heat input and ambient conditions. The 0.40% CEV limit in ordinary thicknesses is favorable, but it does not justify a universal statement that preheat is unnecessary.
Thickness-dependent mechanical requirements
| Nominal thickness t | Minimum ReH or Rp0.2 | Tensile strength Rm | Applicability |
|---|---|---|---|
| t < 3 mm | 275 MPa | 430–580 MPa | Thin flat products |
| 3 mm ≤ t ≤ 16 mm | 275 MPa | 410–560 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 16 mm < t ≤ 40 mm | 265 MPa | 410–560 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 40 mm < t ≤ 63 mm | 255 MPa | 410–560 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 63 mm < t ≤ 80 mm | 245 MPa | 410–560 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 80 mm < t ≤ 100 mm | 235 MPa | 410–560 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 100 mm < t ≤ 150 mm | 225 MPa | 400–540 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 150 mm < t ≤ 200 mm | 215 MPa | 380–540 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 200 mm < t ≤ 250 mm | 205 MPa | 380–540 MPa | Flat and long products |
| 250 mm < t ≤ 400 mm | 195 MPa | 380–540 MPa | Flat products only |
ReH is used where a yield phenomenon is present; otherwise Rp0.2 is determined. For plate, strip and wide flats at least 600 mm wide, tensile properties normally apply to transverse specimens; for other products they apply to longitudinal specimens.
| Test-piece orientation | 3–40 mm | > 40–63 mm | > 63–100 mm | > 100–150 mm | > 150–250 mm | > 250–400 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal, l | 23% | 22% | 21% | 19% | 18% | 18% |
| Transverse, t | 21% | 20% | 19% | 19% | 18% | 18% |
Values use proportional specimens with gauge length L0 = 5.65√S0. The final thickness range applies only to flat products.
| Orientation | t ≤ 1 mm | > 1–1.5 mm | > 1.5–2 mm | > 2–2.5 mm | > 2.5–< 3 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal, l | 15% | 16% | 17% | 18% | 19% |
| Transverse, t | 13% | 14% | 15% | 16% | 17% |
These values cannot be directly compared with elongation measured using proportional specimens because gauge length and specimen geometry differ.
Do not use 275 MPa as a universal yield strength for every S275JR product. Design and purchasing values must be selected from the thickness range applicable to the actual product and sampling location.
Impact toughness: the important JR qualification
The specified JR impact property is a minimum average KV2 energy of 27 J at +20 °C on longitudinal Charpy V-notch specimens. It is a grade-level toughness classification rather than a complete fracture-mechanics description, and it does not establish performance at temperatures below +20 °C.
For quality JR, impact properties are verified only when requested at the time of order under EN 10025-2 Option 3. A certificate showing S275JR without reported impact results is therefore not necessarily evidence of nonconformity; it may reflect the basic inspection regime. If verified toughness is required, state it explicitly.
Where the structure has low design temperatures, significant dynamic loading, high constraint, fatigue-sensitive details or fracture-critical consequences, JR may be inadequate even though the static strength is sufficient. Selection should be made using the applicable structural-design toughness rules; S275J0 or S275J2 may be more appropriate because they specify 27 J at 0 °C and −20 °C respectively.
Delivery condition and fabrication consequences
| Condition | Meaning | Availability and consequence |
|---|---|---|
| +AR | As rolled | May be supplied for long products, hot-rolled strip and quarto plate. Not suitable where post-delivery hot forming must preserve the standard mechanical-property guarantees. |
| +N | Normalized or normalizing rolled | Available for long products, strip and quarto plate. Flat and bar products supplied +N retain the relevant requirements after correctly conducted normalizing or qualifying hot forming under the standard's provisions. |
| +M | Thermomechanically rolled | May be supplied for long products and hot-rolled strip, but not quarto plate. Not suitable for hot forming. |
Unless otherwise agreed, the permitted delivery condition is at the manufacturer's discretion. If a particular condition is technically necessary, order S275JR+AR, S275JR+N or S275JR+M as applicable.
The EN 10025-2 tensile and impact requirements do not change merely because the material is supplied +AR, +N or +M. The conditions nevertheless differ materially in microstructure, thermal history and response to subsequent heating. They must not be treated as interchangeable when hot forming, rerolling, flame straightening or substantial heat treatment is planned.
Stress relieving above 580 °C or for more than one hour may degrade mechanical properties. For normalized or normalizing-rolled flat products, EN 10025-2 gives 560 °C as the recommended maximum stress-relief temperature unless post-treatment properties are agreed with the producer.
Plain S275JR does not carry the dedicated cold-formability designation. If guaranteed suitability for cold flanging or cold roll forming is required, the order should invoke the applicable EN 10025-2 option and cold-forming grade designation, such as S275JRC, rather than relying on the general ductility of S275JR. Cold forming also reduces residual ductility and can affect brittle-fracture behavior, particularly where the formed component is subsequently galvanized.
Specifying, purchasing and inspection
| Order item | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Full designation | State EN 10025-2 — S275JR and add +AR, +N or +M when a particular delivery condition is required. |
| Product form and dimensional standard | The applicable dimensional tolerances differ for plate, strip, sections, bars and other products. Quarto plate normally uses EN 10029; strip and plate cut from strip normally use EN 10051. |
| Dimensions and controlling thickness | Yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and CEV limits depend on nominal thickness. |
| Inspection document | Specify the required EN 10204 document. Do not assume that a basic compliance document provides the heat-specific results needed by the project. |
| JR impact verification | Invoke EN 10025-2 Option 3 when actual Charpy verification and reported results are required. |
| Product analysis | Order Option 2 if check analysis of the finished product is required in addition to heat analysis. |
| Surface quality | Default classes depend on product form; specify a different class where the fabrication or appearance requirement demands it. |
| Internal soundness | Ultrasonic examination is optional and must be ordered with the applicable acceptance standard and class. |
| Through-thickness properties | For highly restrained welded details susceptible to lamellar tearing, specify an EN 10164 Z-quality where required by design. |
| Cold forming or galvanizing | Invoke the relevant cold-formability or galvanizing chemistry option rather than treating these characteristics as implicit in S275JR. |
For specific inspection, EN 10025-2 requires heat analysis and tensile testing. J0, J2 and K2 qualities also receive the applicable impact test, whereas JR impact testing remains an ordered option. The inspection certificate should be checked for the grade and condition, heat identity, product and thickness range, heat chemistry including CEV elements, tensile results, and any ordered impact, ultrasonic, surface, through-thickness or product-analysis requirements.
Default surface requirements include EN 10163-2 class A, subclass 1 for plate and wide flats; EN 10163-3 class C, subclass 1 for sections; and EN ISO 9443 class A for bars and rod. These are acceptance frameworks for discontinuities and repair, not guarantees of cosmetic finish. Ultrasonic soundness is not part of the basic grade requirement.
Use and substitution boundaries
S275JR is suited to general welded, bolted or riveted structures where its strength level and +20 °C impact class satisfy the design and application rules. It is not a pressure-purpose grade, a guaranteed low-temperature steel, a through-thickness grade, a hollow-section specification or a guaranteed cold-forming grade unless the relevant additional designation and requirements are invoked.
Comparative tables often associate S275JR with historical European grades or with overseas structural steels. Such associations do not establish interchangeability. Substitution must compare the governing product standard, product form, thickness-dependent yield and tensile values, impact-test temperature and verification, chemistry and CEV, delivery condition, dimensional tolerances, inspection certification and project approvals.
Sources
- BS EN 10025-2:2019 — Hot rolled products of structural steels: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steelsBritish Standards Institution
- NEN-EN 10025-2:2019 — Scope and applicabilityRoyal Netherlands Standardization Institute
- BS EN 10025-2:2019 — Accessible standard reproductionStudyLib
- Declaration of Performance No. 1.0044 — S275JR to EN 10025-2:2019Marcegaglia
- Hot-rolled strip S275JR / 1.0044 — Declaration of Performancethyssenkrupp Steel Europe
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