S275J2
1.0145
Hot-rolled non-alloy structural steel, J2 impact quality · EN 10025-2:2019 — technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled non-alloy structural steels · EN 10025-1 — general technical delivery conditions for hot-rolled structural steel products
S275J2 is a weldable, fully killed, non-alloy structural steel whose defining combination is thickness-dependent yield strength and a specified minimum Charpy V-notch energy of 27 J at −20 °C. It is used for hot-rolled flat and long products, but the complete specification must identify product form, dimensions, delivery condition, inspection document and any required options; the designation alone does not define tolerances, through-thickness properties, ultrasonic quality or cold-forming suitability.
- Structural steel; 275 MPa nominal minimum yield-strength level; J2 toughness qualityGrade meaning · The 275 MPa minimum applies only at nominal thickness ≤16 mm and decreases with increasing thickness.
- Minimum average KV2 27 J at −20 °CImpact requirement · Longitudinal Charpy V-notch test pieces; specimen-size and minimum-test-thickness rules apply.
- 1.0145Steel number · Numerical designation corresponding to S275J2.
- FF — fully killedMetallurgical requirement · Nitrogen-binding elements must be present in sufficient quantity.
- 0.40% to 0.44% depending on thicknessMaximum heat-analysis CEV · Calculated by the IIW formula; certain ordered chemistry options can modify the permitted maximum.
- 400 mm for flat products; 250 mm for long productsMaximum standard thickness · Impact requirements for sections above 100 mm must be agreed at ordering.
Overview
- Designation system
- EN 10027-1 steel name and EN 10027-2 steel number
- Product forms
- Hot-rolled plate and sheet, Hot-rolled strip and products cut from strip, Wide flats, Hot-rolled structural sections, Bars and rods, Semi-finished products for subsequent rolling, subject to agreement
- Condition
- +AR — as rolled, +N — normalized or normalized rolled, +M — thermomechanically rolled; applicable to long products and hot-rolled strip, not quarto plate
- Density
- 7850 kg/m³ (Conventional engineering density for structural carbon steel; not an EN 10025-2 grade acceptance requirement.)
What the designation defines—and what it does not
The designation follows EN 10027-1. “S” identifies structural steel, “275” is the minimum upper yield strength ReH in MPa for the thinnest reference range, and “J2” specifies impact quality: a minimum average Charpy V-notch energy of 27 J at −20 °C. The corresponding EN 10027-2 steel number is 1.0145.
EN 10025-2 covers hot-rolled flat and long products. It does not cover structural hollow sections or tubes, even where their names contain “S275J2H”. Dimensional tolerances are governed by the applicable product standard, not by the grade designation alone. Examples include EN 10029 for hot-rolled plate, EN 10051 for continuously rolled strip and cut products, and the relevant dimensional standard for sections, flats or bars.
S275J2 is a product-grade designation, not a universal material-property dataset. Mechanical requirements depend on nominal thickness, product geometry and test-piece orientation.
Chemical composition and carbon equivalent
| Item | Requirement | Technical significance |
|---|---|---|
| Deoxidation | FF | Fully killed steel with sufficient nitrogen-binding elements. |
| C | ≤0.18% | Applies across the stated thickness ranges. |
| Mn | ≤1.50% | Maximum, not a target composition. |
| P | ≤0.025% | Maximum. |
| S | ≤0.025% | Maximum; a separately agreed higher-sulfur option exists for certain machinable long products. |
| Cu | ≤0.55% | Maximum. |
| Si and N | No grade-specific numerical limit in the S275J2 heat-analysis row | This does not mean unrestricted chemistry: FF deoxidation and the general limits for unspecified elements still apply. Silicon/phosphorus ranges can be ordered for galvanizing. |
| Other elements | No grade-specific values in the basic row | Residual-element provisions and any ordered options remain applicable. |
These are heat-analysis requirements. Product-analysis limits are separate and product analysis must be ordered when required.
| Nominal product thickness (%) | ≤30 mm | >30–40 mm | >40–150 mm | >150–250 mm | >250–400 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum CEV from heat analysis versus nominal thickness | 0.40% | 0.40% | 0.42% | 0.44% | 0.44% |
The last thickness band applies to flat products. Options involving copper alloying or controlled silicon for galvanizing can increase the permitted maximum CEV.
Thickness-dependent tensile properties
| Nominal thickness t | Minimum ReH |
|---|---|
| t ≤16 mm | 275 MPa |
| 16 < t ≤40 mm | 265 MPa |
| 40 < t ≤63 mm | 255 MPa |
| 63 < t ≤80 mm | 245 MPa |
| 80 < t ≤100 mm | 235 MPa |
| 100 < t ≤150 mm | 225 MPa |
| 150 < t ≤200 mm | 215 MPa |
| 200 < t ≤250 mm | 205 MPa |
| 250 < t ≤400 mm | 195 MPa |
For long products of irregular section, the relevant thickness is that of the part from which the sample is taken. The 250–400 mm band applies to flat products.
| Nominal thickness t | Required Rm |
|---|---|
| t <3 mm | 430–580 MPa |
| 3 ≤ t ≤100 mm | 410–560 MPa |
| 100 < t ≤150 mm | 400–540 MPa |
| 150 < t ≤250 mm | 380–540 MPa |
| 250 < t ≤400 mm | 380–540 MPa |
The 250–400 mm band applies to flat products.
| Test-piece orientation | 3–40 mm | >40–63 mm | >63–100 mm | >100–150 mm | >150–250 mm | >250–400 mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal | 23% | 22% | 19% | 19% | 18% | 18% |
| Transverse | 21% | 20% | 19% | 19% | 18% | 18% |
For plate, strip and wide flats at least 600 mm wide, transverse values normally apply. For other products, longitudinal values apply. Separate elongation requirements apply below 3 mm.
J2 toughness requirement
| Test orientation | Temperature | Minimum average KV2 | Thickness applicability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal | −20 °C | 27 J | Flat products through 400 mm, subject to specimen and testing provisions |
| Longitudinal | −20 °C | 27 J | Long products within the standard's scope; for sections above 100 mm, values are to be agreed |
KV2 denotes testing with a 2 mm striker. The stated requirement is the average of three specimens; individual-value and retest rules apply.
The J2 suffix is often the decisive reason for selecting this grade over S275JR or S275J0. It provides a specified test result at −20 °C, but it is not by itself a fracture-mechanics assessment or a universal minimum-service-temperature rating. Structural detail, stress level, section thickness, strain rate, welding, fatigue and applicable design rules remain relevant to brittle-fracture resistance.
Impact testing is not required by EN 10025-2 for flat products and sections below 6 mm nominal thickness. Reduced-width specimens are used where full-size specimens cannot be obtained. Do not interpret “J2” as proof that every thin item was physically impact tested.
Delivery condition and thermal processing
| Condition | Meaning | Product-form limitation and consequence |
|---|---|---|
| +AR | As rolled | Conventional hot rolling without normalized rolling, thermomechanical rolling or subsequent normalizing. |
| +N | Normalized or normalized rolled | Suitable where subsequent normalizing or properly controlled hot forming is intended; the specified properties must also be achieved in the relevant post-treatment condition. |
| +M | Thermomechanically rolled | Available for long products and hot-rolled strip, but not for quarto plate. Its condition cannot generally be reproduced by heat treatment alone. |
Unless otherwise agreed, the manufacturer may select +AR, +N or +M for long products and strip, and +AR or +N for quarto plate. If a particular condition matters, it must be ordered and appended to the designation.
The tabulated mechanical requirements do not change with the permitted delivery condition, but processing behavior can. Products in +AR or +M condition are not designated as suitable for subsequent hot forming. For hot forming followed by retention of the specified grade properties, +N material and the applicable process guidance should be used.
Stress relieving above 580 °C or for more than one hour may impair properties. For normalized or normalized-rolled flat products, 560 °C is the recommended maximum unless post-treatment properties have been agreed with the producer. Flame straightening and other high-temperature operations also require controlled procedures.
Fabrication implications
S275J2 is intended to be weldable by common structural arc-welding processes, with EN 1011-2 providing the relevant general guidance. A low strength level does not eliminate hydrogen-assisted cracking risk. Preheat and heat-input decisions should account for the actual certificate chemistry and CEV, combined thickness, restraint, diffusible hydrogen, joint geometry and ambient conditions. Consumables should be selected against the required joint properties and applicable fabrication standard rather than solely by matching the number “275”.
Basic S275J2 does not automatically carry the standard's specific cold-formability guarantee. Where verified suitability for cold flanging, roll forming or drawing is required, the appropriate option and, where applicable, the distinct S275J2C designation should be specified. Cold work reduces ductility and can affect toughness locally.
The grade can be machined by conventional operations, but its relatively ductile microstructure can produce continuous chips and modest surface finish unless tooling and cutting conditions are appropriate. Enhanced machinability through increased sulfur is an ordered option for qualifying long products, not an inherent characteristic of all S275J2.
S275J2 has no enhanced atmospheric-corrosion resistance and normally requires a coating or corrosion allowance appropriate to the environment. For hot-dip galvanizing, coating behavior depends strongly on silicon and phosphorus. EN 10025-2 permits an ordered chemistry option aligned with EN ISO 14713-2 categories; this should be agreed before steelmaking rather than inferred from the grade name.
Inspection, supplementary properties and purchasing
| Item | Why it matters |
|---|---|
| Complete designation | State EN 10025-2 — S275J2 and append +AR, +N or +M when a specific delivery condition is required. |
| Product form and dimensions | Mechanical-property applicability and sampling depend on thickness and geometry. |
| Dimensional standard and tolerance class | EN 10025-2 does not itself define every product's dimensional and shape tolerances. |
| Inspection document | Specify the required EN 10204 document, commonly 3.1 where traceable test certification is needed. |
| Impact testing details | Confirm applicability for thin material, sections above 100 mm, and whether parent-plate or parent-coil testing is required. |
| Surface quality | Default surface classes differ for plate, sections, bars and strip; specify a higher class if needed. |
| Internal soundness | Ultrasonic testing is optional and must be ordered with the required method and acceptance class. |
| Through-thickness ductility | For joints susceptible to lamellar tearing, order an appropriate EN 10164 Z-quality; S275J2 alone provides no Z-direction guarantee. |
| Cold-forming requirement | Order the applicable option or S275J2C where guaranteed forming suitability is required. |
| Galvanizing chemistry | Agree silicon/phosphorus category before production if predictable coating formation is important. |
| Product analysis | Order it explicitly when independent verification against product-analysis limits is required. |
| Traceability and marking | Define project-specific identification, transfer-marking and certification requirements. |
For construction products within the relevant regulatory scope, EN 10025-1 adds conformity, marking and declaration requirements to the grade-specific requirements of Part 2. These regulatory documents should not be confused with the EN 10204 inspection certificate, which reports order and test information for the delivered material.
Substitution and equivalence
Substitution should compare the complete material specification, not only nominal yield strength. Relevant checks include product standard, thickness-dependent yield and tensile ranges, −20 °C impact testing, chemistry and CEV, delivery condition, manufacturing route, dimensions, inspection certification, surface quality, internal soundness and project-specific fabrication requirements.
ASTM A36 is sometimes shown as a commercial strength-level counterpart, but it is not an exact equivalent to S275J2. In particular, its normal specification does not reproduce the S275J2 thickness table and mandatory J2 toughness framework. Substitution requires engineering and contractual approval.
Sources
- BS EN 10025-2:2019 — Hot rolled products of structural steels: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steelsBritish Standards Institution
- NEN-EN 10025-2:2019 — Scope, status and publication informationRoyal Netherlands Standardization Institute
- EN 10025-2:2019 previewANSI Webstore / Danish Standards
- S275J2 / 1.0145 Declaration of Performance to EN 10025-2:2019Marcegaglia
- S275J2 / 1.0145 Declaration of PerformanceSaarstahl
- Steel material properties for structural design and performanceSteelConstruction.info
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